MideastWeb Middle East Web Log

log  archives  middle east  maps  history   documents   countries   books   encyclopedia   culture   dialogue   links    timeline   donations 

Search:

Yasser Arafat in past and future history

11/11/2004

Yasser Arafat (see biography ) was the emblem and embodiment of Palestine, for better or worse. He was perhaps the last of the succession of larger than life heros or villains who were so plentiful in the twentieth century: Churchill, Hilter, Mussolini, Roosevelt Stalin, people who embodied a cause, for better or worse.

It may be a long time, if ever, before history reaches a definitive verdict on Arafat. Historians are still arguing whether Napoleon and Julius Caesar were Great Men or Great Villains. For some historical superstars, the verdict came sooner. When the Soviet dictator Josef Stalin died, he was the idol of over a billion people. In Israel, the daily Al Hamishmar headlined "The Sun of the Nations has Been Extinguished." Gradually, beginning with the destalinization speech of Nikita Krushchev at the Soviet 20th party congress in 1956, the truth about Stalin was revealed. After the breakup of the USSR, the full extent of Stalin's crimes, as well as the odious nature of his predecessor Lenin, became apparent to almost everyone.

Is Napoleon to be remembered for waging senseless wars all over Europe or for spreading Liberty? Is Stalin remembered for fighting Nazism or for murdering tens of millions of his countrymen? Will Yasser Arafat be remembered for founding, in effect, the Palestinian nation, or for founding a legacy of terrorism, hatred and corruption based on ruthless elimination of opponents? Will Arafat be remembered as the father of the movement dedicated to elimination of Israel by armed struggle, or as the first Palestinian leader of note to recognize the existence of Israel and call for a Palestinian state existing side by side with Israel?

Arafat's real name was Rahman Abdel-Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini, and he was probably born on August 4, or August 24 1929 in Cairo or the Gaza strip. His father was a leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Gaza, and Arafat became associated with the Muslim brotherhood and with the al Futtuwah movement of Haj Amin El Husseini, his relative. In 1955 he was recruited by Egyptian intelligence to organize Palestinian students. In 1957 he moved to Kuwait and there he founded the Fatah movement, modeled on the Algerian FLN. Fatah helped catalyze the 1967 6-day war by prodding Arab leaders to action against Israel. The military disaster of the Arab countries brought Arafat and Fatah to the fore, and Arafat became head of the Palestine Liberation organization. His flamboyant style and tireless organizational activity, as well as the backing of the USSR, earned the Palestinian cause international recognition and made him "Mr Palestine." In 1993 he negotiated a tentative agreement with Israel, the Oslo accords, which enabled him to return to Palestine. However, the accords failed to turn into a peace agreement. Arafat and his colleagues acquiesced or connived in terror attacks. Palestinian media emitted a constant barrage of incitement against Israel. In 2000 Arafat refused a peace offer brokered by US President Clinton and reneged on his commitment to abandon terrorism, marking the beginning of the "Al-Aqsa intifada."

Arafat's rise to power was aided by ruthless elimination of opponents in the student organizations and refugee camps and by terror exploits against Israeli civilian targets. Israelis loathed him for his terror tactics, and turned him into the personifaction of "the obstacle to peace." Palestinian opponents including Edward Said and others protested against his undemocratic leadership. Many will revile him for his faults, others will remember his leadership and shrug off his misdeeds with excuses like "you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs."

Arafat's death, like his life, has been purposely shrouded in mystery and it has been accompanied by recriminations. Suha Arafat, his wife, charged that the Palestinian leadership was trying to bury him alive. Heeding the request of Suha Arafat, authorities in France, where he is hospitalized, refused to give details of Arafat's illness, leading to persistent rumors that he had been poisoned, though French doctors claimed they had ruled out the possibility of poison. Others claimed, equally speculatively, that Arafat had AIDS.

For the Palestinians, the question of how Arafat will be viewed in history both depends upon and influences the struggle for leadership and establishment of national goals. With Arafat's departure, all Palestinian factions are striving to claim him as their leader, and to shape his message to their own ideological needs. The probable leaders of the PLO and the Palestine National Authority, Mahmoud Abbas and Ahmed Qurei, will strive to emphasis Arafat as the father of Palestinian recognition of Israel and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1994, as well as the father of the PLO and Palestinian national identity. The extremist Hamas, his enemies in life, have all but claimed Arafat as one of their own, a Palestinian leader dedicated to destroying Israel by force. Hamas spokesman Khaled Mashaal, said:


[W]e feel extreme sadness and pain on the death of our brother Abu Ammar"...

Abu Ammar was a great leader with long decades of struggle and open confrontation with the enemy...
...

He was firm during the Camp David negotiations when he backed the rights of Palestinians and refused to relinquish Jerusalem...

Arafat's success was as much the doing of his enemies as of himself. Israel, like Arafat's other enemies, has never managed the phenomonon of Arafat well. Arafat's career fed on Israeli opposition as well as on Israeli acceptance and legitimation of the PLO and Arafat in the Oslo Accords. By fighting Arafat and the Fatah at Karameh in 1968, Israel made the Fatah and its leader into the symbol of Palestinian resistance. Banished from Jordan in 1970, Arafat rose in Beirut; banished from Lebanon by Israel in 1982, Arafat again rose like the Phoenix from the ashes, legitimized and given international prominence by his Zionist enemies in 1993. The disaster of the "second Intifada" again brought Arafat's popularity to a low ebb in 2002, but surrounded by the Israelis in the Muqata, Arafat again became a Palestinian national hero. Perhaps his death, his final downfall, will also be the lever of a success greater than any he achieved in life.

For Israelis, the death of Arafat may open new vistas for peace, or it may signal danger if a leaderless Palestinian society disintegrates into chaos and violence, as the violence will undoubtedly be directed against Israel. For those Israelis who built up Arafat as "the obstacle to peace," his death is a test of whether, with the supposed or actual obstacle to peace removed, they will now begin to negotiate for peace in earnest. Likewise, time will tell whether in fact Arafat was the obstacle preventing the Palestinians from suppressing terror groups and negotiating a fair peace deal.

Ami Isseroff

If you like this post - click to Reddit!
add to del.icio.usAdd to digg - digg it

Original text copyright by the author and MidEastWeb for Coexistence, RA. Posted at MidEastWeb Middle East Web Log at http://www.mideastweb.org/log/archives/00000312.htm where your intelligent and constructive comments are welcome. Distributed by MEW Newslist. Subscribe by e-mail to mew-subscribe@yahoogroups.com. Please forward by email with this notice and link to and cite this article. Other uses by permission.

by Moderator @ 01:12 PM CST [Link]

NEWS

Middle East e-Zine

Midde East News

Opinion Digest

Late Updates

REFERENCE

Middle East Glossary

Middle East Maps

Middle East Books

Middle East Documents

Israel-Palestine History

Israel-Palestine Timeline

Middle East Countries

Middle East Economy

Middle East Population

Middle East Health

Zionism History

Palestinian Parties

Palestinian Refugees

Peace Plans

Water

Middle East

  

Blog Links

OneVoice - Israeli-Palestinian Peace Blog

Bravo411 -Info Freedom

Israel News

Oceanguy

Michael Brenner

Dutchblog Israel

Dutch - IMO (Israel & Midden-Oosten) Blog (NL)

GulfReporter

Israpundit

Alas, a Blog

Little Green Footballs

Blue Truth

Fresno Zionism

Reut Blog

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Blog

Simply Jews: Judaism and Israel

Jeff Weintraub - Commentaries and Controversies

Vital Perspective

ZioNation

Meretz USA Weblog

normblog

MIDEAST observer

On the Contrary

Blogger News Network- BNN

Google Sex Maps

Demediacratic Nation

Realistic Dove

Tulip - Israeli-Palestinian Trade Union Assoc.

On the Face

Israel Palestjnen (Dutch)

Middle East Analysis

Israel: Like This, As If

Middle East Analysis

Mid_East Journal

Z-Word Blog

Dvar Dea

SEO for Everyone


Web Sites & Pages

Israeli-Palestinian Procon

End Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: One Voice

Democratiya

ATFP- American Task Force on Palestine

Americans For Peace Now

Shalom Achshav

Chicago Peace Now

Nemashim

Peacechild Israel

Bridges of Peace

PEACE Watch

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Z-Word

Zionism

Zionism and Israel

Zionism and Israel on the Web

Israel - Palestina:Midden-Oosten Conflict + Zionisme

Israël in de Media

Euston Manifesto

New Year Peace

Jew

Christian Zionism

Jew Hate

Space Shuttle Blog

Israel News Magazine

SEO


My Ecosystem Details
International Affairs Blogs - BlogCatalog Blog Directory

Link 2 us
We link 2 U.
MidEastWeb- Middle East News & Views
MidEastWeb is not responsible for the content of linked Web sites


Replies: 9 comments

we don't have to wait for history to judge him. most of the world's leaders are already whitewashing this mass murderer, calling him 'courageous', 'a man of peace', 'a great leader', and other such undeserved accolades. it is a travesty of truth and justice to refer to this monster as anything other than what he was...an unrepentant terrorist whose political policies were based on slaughtering innocent civilians, not only in Israel but in Jordan and Lebanon. he should be buried with a pig, except that would be an insult to the animal!

Posted by mike levine @ 11/12/2004 09:20 AM CST

The only people who demonise Arafat are the Israelis and the Americans. This should tell us something about the likely verdict of history.

He was a man with many flaws, but also the undisputed popular leader of his people and a symbol of their legitimate national aspirations. It's the people and the aspirations which are really offensive to the Israeli right, to avoid acknowledging this they caricature Arafat as a monster.

The Palestinian struggle is not about one man, and it will continue until the Israelis are brave and honest enough to offer a just peace.

Posted by Chris @ 11/12/2004 05:45 PM CST

I think he was not a "man of peace". He was certainly "courageous" and a "leader" ("great" or not depens on what you mean with "great"). He was not a "mass murderer" and inside PLO he was one of the "moderates" (i.e. realistic). He must be judged by comparison with PFLF, DFLP and the rest of radical branches who try to kill him many times, not to say if you compare with Hamas and Yihad. In camp David he thought that the Barak proposal was not worthwile of a bloody palestinian civil war (that he would probably have lost because palestinian population mainly shared this view). He did enormous mistakes some of them criminal. He was utilized to sustain the mith of the "lost opportunity" that for some people justifies any current and future excess on Israel side. Now he is dead and history is a science wich tries to understand without judging. Each one of us have his opinion about him. Mine is much less black&white than Mike's one but all are legitimate as opinions. And we must work to not make this famous "lost opportunity" the last opportunity ever once he is no more there to be blamed.

Posted by Aleph @ 11/12/2004 06:24 PM CST

Instead of a eulogy:

The death of Arafat makes me feel hopeful, not sad or worried. He led his followers into a political dead end while he became the obstacle to change course. Arafat helped unify the Palestinians under one cause and generate world wide recognition for their problems and aspirations. He failed to capitalize on the world’s good will and do what true leaders do: compromise one’s personal goals for the benefit of their people.

Arafat’s cause has always been more about rejecting Israel than about a positive vision of better life for the Palestinians. Fifty-six years ago Israel started as a refugee state; it is now a powerhouse in technology, education, science and arts and has made these achievements under very demanding conditions. Arafat has refused to begin the building of a nation for his people, unless all of his claims (including the destruction of Israel) are satisfied. In retrospect, Arafat’s vision has been irresponsible and unrealistic; he has left the Palestinians with nothing, but a legacy of death worship and destruction.

Israel has made many mistakes with the Palestinians, but all of them have been debated in an open society. In contrast, the parties who had more at stake here, Arafat and the Palestinians, made monumentally greater mistakes, bordering on criminal acts. Under Arafat, Palestinian society was neither open nor free to debate these issues and mandate a change.

I hope that the Palestinians can seize the moment for opportunity now, see past Arafat’s failed vision and change direction. Israel will follow through. The US and Europe will follow through.

Zvigoldman@hotmail.com

Posted by Zvi Goldman @ 11/13/2004 07:43 PM CST

The now-departed Arafat’s personal quest to destroy the Jewish presence in the Middle East began as an Egyptian terrorist long before the state of Israel (or “the Palestinian people”) came into existence. On his murderous path to winning the Nobel Prize for Peace, he successfully brought terrorism to world attention, pioneering the innovation of hijacking and blowing up airplanes in the 1970's. As a direct result of his lifelong anti-Zionist campaign, hundreds of innocent men, women, and children from all over the world were slaughtered for the achievement of his political objectives.
Now, Osama bin Laden builds on the foundation built by Arafat. Arafat, one might surmise based upon the lesser known facts of the historical record, built on Hitler’s (Haj Amin Al Husseini, the former grand mufti of Jerusalem, had a well-documented relationship with the Third Reich and was Arafat's mentor). Hitler, of course, built on earlier long-standing antisemitic precedent.
Arafat's legacy is another significant chapter in the long history of violent antisemitism.

Posted by Dan @ 11/14/2004 01:01 AM CST

The now-departed Arafat’s personal quest to destroy the Jewish presence in the Middle East began as an Egyptian terrorist long before the state of Israel (or “the Palestinian people”) came into existence. On his murderous path to winning the Nobel Prize for Peace, he successfully brought terrorism to world attention, pioneering the innovation of hijacking and blowing up airplanes in the 1970's. As a direct result of his lifelong anti-Zionist campaign, hundreds of innocent men, women, and children from all over the world were slaughtered for the achievement of his political objectives.
Now, Osama bin Laden builds on the foundation built by Arafat. Arafat, one might surmise based upon the lesser known facts of the historical record, built on Hitler’s (Haj Amin Al Husseini, the former grand mufti of Jerusalem, had a well-documented relationship with the Third Reich and was Arafat's mentor). Hitler, of course, built on earlier long-standing antisemitic precedent.
Arafat's legacy is another significant chapter in the long history of violent antisemitism.

Posted by Dan @ 11/14/2004 01:01 AM CST

I hope with all my heart that there will now be peace in the middle east and all terriose are charged with murder
and the ppl from the muslim nations came to see them as murders and nothing more.

Posted by lorraine @ 11/15/2004 02:17 AM CST

Arafat had achieved recognition of Palestinian identity. He had given them recognition as a nation in the world. Perhaps this was really his sole achievement.He was an autocratic ruler, keeping the cards very close to his chest.

He had done very little to improve the standard of living of his people. Education of the younger generation was reduced to anti-Israel propaganda and hate. All in all, the Palestinians had suffered much under his rule. The corruption in the Palestinian Authority was rife and there was definite misappropriation of funds that were targeted for the Palestinian people. He was a master of survival and, even though he paid lip service to Israel's recognition, in practice he was indifferent to terrorist attacks against Israel's citizens. It is possible that he had no choice as he did not want to jeopardize his life at the hands of Palestinian terrorist groups.

His life style - frugal as it was despite the millions of dollars that he had in various investments all over Europe, endeared him to his people as the eternal revolutionary fighting for his peoples' liberation from the Israeli occupation. At least it appeared so especially after his death.

It will take a long time before Arafat's influence on his people can be assessed wih any accuracy.

One thing is certain and that is there will be great instability because he had never groomed anybody to take over from him when he was no longer able to rule.

Posted by Shimon Z. Klein @ 11/15/2004 01:41 PM CST

Yasser Arafat is effectively the father of the Palestinian nation. We tend to see in him the ruthless terrorist shoved down our brain by the american media but lets think for a minute: how else would would palestine react to to all the agresion of israel it not by what we call terrorism. What makes the diference between war and terrorism? Is it the technology we use to kill?

Posted by Virgilio Melgar @ 11/27/2004 06:23 AM CST


Please do not leave notes for MidEastWeb editors here. Hyperlinks are not displayed. We may delete or abridge comments that are longer than 250 words, or consist entirely of material copied from other sources, and we shall delete comments with obscene or racist content or commercial advertisements. Comments should adhere to Mideastweb Guidelines . IPs of offenders will be banned.

Powered By Greymatter

[Previous entry: "Barak: "I am back""] Main Index [Next entry: "After Arafat - A New Era?"]

ALL PREVIOUS MidEastWeb Middle East LOG ENTRIES

Thank you for visiting MidEastWeb - Middle East.
If you like what you see here, tell others about the MidEastWeb Middle East Web Log - www.mideastweb.org/log/.

Contact Us

Copyright

Editors' contributions are copyright by the authors and MidEastWeb for Coexistence RA.
Please link to main article pages and tell your friends about MidEastWeb. Do not copy MidEastWeb materials to your Web Site. That is a violation of our copyright. Click for copyright policy.
MidEastWeb and the editors are not responsible for content of visitors' comments.
Please report any comments that are offensive or racist.

Editors can log in by clicking here

Technorati Profile

RSS FeedRSS feed Add to Amphetadesk Add to Amphetadesk

USA Credit Card - Donate to MidEastWeb  On-Line - Help us live and grow