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Report of the Intelligence section of the American Delegation to the Paris Peace
Conference, |
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Report of the Intelligence section of the American Delegation to the Paris Peace
Conference, |
| Middle East | peacewatch | top stories | documents | culture | dialog | history | Maps | donations |
Introduction
The following draft report was prepared by the intelligence section of the American delegation to the Paris peace talks. The report seems to leave no doubt that insofar as the Americans are concerned, that the intent of the Mandate given to Great Britain in Palestine was to foster creation of an independent Jewish state, despite the ambiguity of the wording of the Balfour Declaration and the Mandate itself, which refer to a "national home:"
... and being further assured that it will- be the policy of the League of Nations to recognize Palestine as a Jewish state as soon as it is a Jewish state in fact.
The borders were understood to include those on a proposed map that included Mount Hermon in the Golan Heights, which was later given to Syria:
As drawn upon the map, the new state would control its own source of water power and irrigation, on Mount Hermon in the east to the Jordan; a feature of great importance since the success of the new state would depend upon the possibilities of agricultural development.
This is not the map presented by the Zionist delegation, which was put before the conference in February, postdating this report.
The recommendations below apparently ignored the negative report of the King Crane commission, or were made before the commission's findings were known.
This understanding of the borders of the Mandate and of the conditions under which it was granted as the precursor of a Jewish state, may be used in gauging the later behavior of the British, specifically the Churchill White Paper of 1922 which seems to deny statehood to the Jews, and the White Paper of 1939, which limited immigration in order to ensure an Arab majority in Palestine.
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Outline of Tentative Report and Recommendations of the Intelligence Section of the American Delegation to the Peace Conference, in accordance with instructions, for the President and the Plenipotentiaries, January 21, 1919
{ David Hunter Miller, My Diary at the Conference of Paris, Vol. iv, pp. 263-264.}
26. Palestine.
It is recommended:
1) That there be established a separate state of Palestine.
2) That this state be placed Under Great Britain as a mandatory of the League of Nations.
3) That the Jews be invited to return to Palestine and settle there being assured by the Conference of all proper assistance in so doing that may be consistent with the protection of the personal (especially the religious) and the property rights of the non-Jewish population. and being further assured that it will- be the policy of the League of Nations to recognize Palestine as a Jewish state as soon as it is a Jewish state in fact.
4) That the holy places and religious rights of all creeds in Palestine be placed under the protection of the League of Nations and its mandatory.
Discussion.
1) It is recommended that there be established a separate state of Palestine.
The separation of the Palestinian area from Syria finds justification in the religious experience of mankind. The Jewish and Christian churches were born in Palestine, and Jerusalem was for long years, at different periods, the capital of each. And while the relation of the Mohammedans to Palestine is not so intimate, from the beginning they have regarded Jerusalem as a holy place. Only by establishing Palestine as a separate state can justice be done to these great facts.
As drawn upon the map, the new state would control its own source of water power and irrigation, on Mount Hermon in the east to the Jordan; a feature of great importance since the success of the new state would depend upon the possibilities of agricultural development.
2) It is recommended that this state be placed under Great Britain as a mandatory of the League of Nations.
Palestine would obviously need wise and firm guidÂance. Its population is without political experience, is racially composite, and could easily become distracted by fanaticism and bitter religious differences.
The success of Great Britain in dealing with similar situations, her relation to Egypt, and her administrative achievements since General Allenby freed Palestine from the Turk, all indicate her as the logical mandatory.
3) It is recommended that the Jews be invited to return to Palestine and settle there, being assured by the Conference of all proper assistance in so doing that may be consistent with the protection of the personal (especially the religious) and the property rights of the non-Jewish population, and being further assured that it will be the policy of the League of Nations to recognize Palestine as a Jewish state as soon as it is a Jewish state in fact.
It is right that Palestine should become a Jewish state, if the Jews, being given the full opportunity, make it such. It was the cradle and home of their vital race, which has made large spiritual contributions to mankind, and is the only land in which they can hope to find a home of their own; they being in this last respect unique among significant peoples. .
At present, however, the Jews form barely a sixth of the total population of 700,000 in Palestine, and whether they are to form a majority, or even a plurality, of the population in the future state remains uncertain. Palestine, in short, is far from being a Jewish country now. England, as mandatory, can be relied on to give the Jews the privileged position they should have without sacrificing the rights of non-Jews.
4) It is recommended that the holy places and religious rights of all creeds in Palestine be placed under the protection of the League of Nations and its mandatory. .The basis of this recommendation is self-evident.